Author Profile

Dr. Michelle Douskey is a highly accomplished chemist and educator with extensive expertise in spectroscopy, chemical education, and laboratory instruction. She holds a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Minnesota. With over two decades of experience designing innovative curricula and guiding thousands of students through advanced chemical analysis, Dr. Douskey brings unparalleled authority and pedagogical insight to Organic Spectroscopy: Technology & Applications. Her research and teaching focus heavily on analytical instrumentation, structural elucidation, and the practical application of spectroscopic techniques in modern research, making her uniquely qualified to bridge the gap between complex technological theory and real-world laboratory practice.

About The Book

Organic Spectroscopy: Technology & Applications is a masterfully crafted, comprehensive guide designed to bridge the gap between theoretical spectroscopic principles and modern laboratory execution. This definitive volume serves as an indispensable resource for chemistry students, academic researchers, and industrial scientists alike, offering an in-depth exploration of the analytical techniques used to elucidate the structures of complex organic molecules. By balancing historical foundation with cutting-edge technological advancements, the book demystifies complex data interpretation and equips readers with the practical skills required to solve real-world chemical puzzles. Organic Spectroscopy: Technology & Applications delivers a definitive, cutting-edge guide to mastering structural elucidation in the modern laboratory. This comprehensive text bridges the gap between theoretical principles and real-world industrial applications, making it an indispensable resource for chemistry students, researchers, and professional analytical scientists

Table of Contents

Preface
1. MOLECULAR FORMULAS AND WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM THEM
Elemental Analysis and Calculations
Determination of Molecular Mass
Molecular Formulas
Index of Hydrogen Deficiency
The Rule of Thirteen
A Quick Look Ahead To Simple Uses of Mass Spectra
2. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
The Infrared Absorption Process
Uses Of The Infrared Spectrum
The Modes Of Stretching And Bending
Bond Properties And Absorption Trends
The Infrared Spectrometer
Preparation Of Samples For Infrared Spectroscopy
What To Look For When Examining Infrared Spectra
Correlation Charts And Tables
Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, And Alkynes
Aromatic Rings
Alcohols And Phenols
Ethers
Carbonyl Compounds
Amines
Nitriles, Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates, And Imines
Nitro Compounds
Carboxylate Salts, Amine Salts, And Amino Acids
Sulfur Compounds
Phosphorus Compounds
Alkyl And Aryl Halides
The Background Spectrum


3. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Nuclear Spin States
Nuclear Magnetic Moments
Absorption of Energy
The Mechanism of Absorption (Resonance)
Population Densities of Nuclear Spin States
The Chemical Shift and Shielding
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer
Chemical Equivalence—A Brief Overview
Integrals and Integration
Chemical Environment and Chemical Shift
Local Diamagnetic Shielding
Magnetic Anisotropy
Spin–Spin Splitting (N1) Rule
The Origin of Spin–Spin Splitting
The Ethyl Group (Ch3ch2–)
Pascal’s Triangle
The Coupling Constant
A Comparison of NMR Spectra At Low– and High–Field Strengths
Survey of Typical 1h NMR Absorptions By Type of Compound
4. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
The Carbon-13 Nucleus
Carbon-13 Chemical Shifts
Proton-Coupled 13c Spectra—Spin–Spin Splitting of Carbon-13 Signals
Proton-Decoupled 13c Spectra
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (Noe)
Cross-Polarization: Origin of The Nuclear Overhauser Effect
Problems With Integration In 13c Spectra
Molecular Relaxation Processes
Off-Resonance Decoupling 4.10 .A Quick Dip Into Dept 4.11 .Some Sample Spectra—Equivalent Carbons 4.12 .Compounds With Aromatic Rings
Carbon-13 NMR Solvents—Heteronuclear Coupling of Carbon To Deuterium
Heteronuclear Coupling of Carbon-13 To Fluorine-19


Heteronuclear Coupling of Carbon-13 To Phosphorus-31
Carbon and Proton NMR: How To Solve A Structure Problem
5. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Coupling Constants: Symbols
Coupling Constants: The Mechanism of Coupling
Magnetic Equivalence
Spectra of Diastereotopic Systems
Nonequivalence Within A Group—The Use of Tree Diagrams When The N + 1 Rule Fails Measuring Coupling Constants From First-Order Spectra
Second-Order Spectra—Strong Coupling
Alkenes
Measuring Coupling Constants—Analysis of An Allylic System
Aromatic Compounds—Substituted Benzene Rings
6. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Protons on Oxygen: Alcohols
Exchange in Water and D2o
Other Types of Exchange: Tautomerism
Protons on Nitrogen: Amines
Protons on Nitrogen: Quadrupole Broadening and Decoupling
Amides
The Effect of Solvent on Chemical Shift
Chemical Shift Reagents
Chiral Resolving Agents
Determining Absolute and Relative Configuration via NMR
Nuclear Overhauser Effect Difference Spectra
7. ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY
The Nature of Electronic Excitations
The Origin of UV Band Structure
Principles of Absorption Spectroscopy
Instrumentation 7.5 .Presentation of Spectra
Solvents
What Is A Chromophore?
The Effect of Conjugation
The Effect of Conjugation On Alkenes


The Woodward–Fieser Rules For Dienes
Carbonyl Compounds; Enones
Woodward’s Rules For Enones
α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes, Acids, and Esters
Aromatic Compounds
8. MASS SPECTROMETRY
The Mass Spectrometer: Overview
Sample Introduction
Ionization Methods
Mass Analysis
Detection and Quantitation: The Mass Spectrum
Determination of Molecular Weight
Determination of Molecular Formulas
Structural Analysis and Fragmentation Patterns
Bibliography
Index