Author Profile

Deborah A. Carroll joined UIC in 2021 as Associate Professor in the Department of Public Administration and Director of the Government Finance Research Center in the College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs. Dr. Carroll's research focuses on financial management and fiscal policy issues of state and local governments, particularly related to taxation, revenue diversification, revenue stability, and urban economic development, as well as on the interconnectedness of the government and nonprofit sectors and the implications for tax policy, tax burden, and public service provision. On these topics, Dr. Carroll has produced more than 65 scholarly publications, most of which are co-authored with graduate students and junior faculty, and 20 grant-funded white papers and technical reports totaling more than $1.3 million. She has been invited to share her research and expertise with academic and practitioner audiences across the U.S. and in several other counties. Dr. Carroll serves as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, which focuses on providing a connection between the practice and research of public affairs, and is a collaborating scholar with the University of Illinois System's Institute of Government and Public Affairs. In other service to the profession, Dr. Carroll has served on the governing boards of the Southeastern Conference for Public Administration (2011-2013) and Association for Budgeting and Financial Management (2006-2008), as editorial board member of the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting, and Financial Management (2020-Present) and Urban Affairs Review (2009-2011), as Associate Editor of Public Administration Review (2015-2017), and as Treasurer of the Association for Budgeting and Financial Management (2013-2018). Dr. Carroll began her career in public service as a budget and policy analyst for the City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin while pursuing her Master of Public Administration degree from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. With a passion for applied research intended to inform public policy and improve public sector management, Dr. Carroll pursued her Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, which she completed in 2004 along with a Graduate Certificate in State and Local Taxation from the UWM Sheldon B. Lubar School of Business. Her dissertation examined the extent to which Milwaukee's tax increment financing program influenced the investment decisions of private development firms and the extent to which capital improvements made within TIF districts were capitalized into business property values. Dr. Carroll has also served on the faculties of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville (2004-2006), University of Georgia (2006-2016), and University of Central Florida (2016-2021) where she also served as Director of the Center for Public and Nonprofit Management.

About The Book

Artificial intelligence (AI) in urban perspectives involves applying AI technologies to improve city life through applications in urban infrastructure, sustainability, governance, and services. From optimizing traffic and managing public transit to enhancing citizen communication via chatbots and managing waste, AI helps cities become more efficient, sustainable, and livable. Urban AI is evolving the smart city concept by fundamentally changing how cities are designed and managed, often in collaboration with human planners. With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence, a new wave of integration between AI technologies and the urban intelligence process has emerged. This marks the latest and highest peak in the 8000-year history of urban construction, while also posing significant challenges and risks. Therefore, the concept of the "Artificial Intelligence City" (AI City) must first establish clear goals, ensure that technology serves a greater good, and remain true to its original purpose: using technology to enhance the quality of urban life rather than exacerbating inequality and opacity.

Table of Contents

Preface ............................................................................. 9
Chapter 1 The Development of the Smart City ............................ 13
1.1 THE CONCEPT OF THE SMART CITY ......................................... 13
1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREDICAMENT OF SMART CITIES ..
IN THE WORLD ................................................................................... 14
1.3 URBAN INTELLECTUALIZATION UNDER EMERGING ...............
TECHNOLOGIES .................................................................................. 27
Chapter 2 Beyond Smart City: The AI City is Coming ................ 31
2.1 THE INTRODUCTION OF NEW GENERATION AI TECHNOLOGY
............................................................................................................... 31
2.2 THE DEFINITION OF THE "AI CITY" ............................................ 40
2.3 THE DEVELOPMENT AND PREDICAMENT OF SMART CITIES ..
IN THE WORLD ................................................................................... 41
2.4 THE ESSENCE OF THE AI CITY ................................................... 43
2.5 THE MULTI-BRAIN SCHEME OF AI CITIES ................................ 44
Chapter 3 The Prototype of the AI City ........................................ 46
3.1 THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF URBAN INTELLIGENCE 46
3.2 THE IMPACT OF SEVEN WAVES OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY . 52
3.3 FUTURE URBAN CHANGES TRIGGERED BY AI TECHNOLOGY
............................................................................................................... 57
3.4 THE AI CITY PROTOTYPE ............................................................ 59
3.5 THE PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE OF THE AI CITY............ 66
Chapter 4 The Determinants of the AI City .................................. 70
4.1 AI CITY DETERMINANT 1: LEARNING ABILITY ....................... 70
4.2 AI CITY DETERMINANT 2: DISCOVERING LAWS THROUGH ....
LEARNING ........................................................................................... 71
4.3 AI CITY DETERMINANT 3: PREDICTING THE FUTURE ........... 71
4.4 AI CITY DETERMINANT 4: INTELLIGENT SELF-ORGANIZATION
APPLICATIONS ..................................................................................... 73
4.5 AI CITY DETERMINANT 5: DEMAND-DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY ..
DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................. 73
Chapter 5 The Main Goal of the AI City ....................................... 75
5.1 THE GENERATION OF HUMAN NEED ....................................... 75
5.2 THE DIVERSITY OF HUMAN NEEDS .......................................... 76
5.3 MEETING HUMAN NEEDS IS THE ESSENCE OF URBAN ...........
INTELLIGENCE.................................................................................... 78
Chapter 6 Matching Between New Generation AI Technologies ....
and Urban Demands ..................................................... 81
6.1 THE MATRIX OF AI TECHNOLOGIES AND CITY NEEDS ......... 81
6.2 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF BIG DATA INTELLIGENCE ....... 82
6.3 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF SWARM INTELLIGENCE ........... 84
6.4 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF CROSS-MEDIA INTELLIGENCE85
6.5 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF HYBRID ENHANCED.....................
INTELLIGENCE.................................................................................... 89
6.6 THE CITY APPLICATIONS OF INTELLIGENT UNMANNED .........
SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 90
Chapter 7 Frontier Application of New Generation AI Technology
........................................................................................ 93
7.1 INTELLIGENT FABRICATION ...................................................... 93
7.2 INTELLIGENT AGRICULTURE ..................................................... 97
7.3 INTELLIGENT HEALTHCARE ....................................................100
7.4 INTELLIGENT EDUCATION .......................................................104
Chapter 8 The Technical Framework of AI Cities ..................... 109
8.1 DATA SENSING PLATFORM AND DATABASE ..........................109
8.2 INTELLIGENT FEEDBACK ......................................................... 113
8.3 DECISION-MAKING TECHNOLOGY ........................................ 115
8.4 THE SYSTEM OF APPLICATION SCENARIOS .......................... 116
Chapter 9 Case Study: Qingdao Sino-German Future-Park .... 125
9.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE AI CITY PIVOT IN THE QINGDAO.......
SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY ........................................................125
9.2 RATIONAL ALLOCATION OF ENERGY AND WATER RESOURCES .
.............................................................................................................126
9.3 THE CIM PLATFORM OF THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN ..........
FUTURE CITY.....................................................................................127
9.4 THE SYSTEMATIC STRUCTURE OF THE CIM PLATFORM OF ....
THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY .............................128
9.5 THE ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE AI CITY PIVOT ..
OF THE QINGDAO SINO-GERMAN FUTURE CITY .......................131
Chapter 10 Case Study: The Shanghai Jinding Smart City ........ 135
10.1 THE SHANGHAI JINDING SMART CITY: INTRODUCTION ..135
10.2 INTELLIGENT PERCEPTION OF THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
.............................................................................................................136
10.3 AI-ENABLED SPACE, FUNCTION, ALLOCATION, AND ..............
OPERATION WITH DIGITAL INTELLIGENCE IN JINDING ...........137
10.4 HIGHLIGHT 2: SMART ELEMENTS FUNCTION ....................138
10.5 HIGHLIGHT 3: SMART RESOURCE ALLOCATION ...............139
Chapter 11 Case Study: Taizhou Innovation Park ....................... 151
11.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................151
11.2 INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION...........................................154
11.3 AI-ENABLED SPACE INNOVATION .........................................159
11.4 DEMONSTRATION OF AI SCENARIO INTEGRATION............162
Chapter 12 Shanghai Maqiao: AI Innovation Experimental Area ....
...................................................................................... 169
12.1 SHANGHAI MAQIAO: THE FIRST AI INNOVATION .................
EXPERIMENTAL AREA IN CHINA .................................................169
12.2 MAQIAO TO BE A WORLD-CLASS AI CITY ...........................170
12.3 AI TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MAQIAO .......................175
Chapter 13The Iteration Mode of the AI City ............................. 181
13.1 URBAN DEMAND ITERATION.................................................181
13.2 DEVELOPMENT OF AI TECHNOLOGIES ...............................185
13.3 CONSTRUCTION OF INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE.....189
13.4 IMPROVEMENT OF THE GOVERNANCE MODE ..................194
13.5 CULTIVATION OF INNOVATIVE TALENTS .............................202
Chapter 14The Opportunities and Challenges of Constructing AI ...
Cities in China ............................................................. 207
14.1 CHINA'S FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AI CITIES
.............................................................................................................207
14.2 THE CHALLENGES OF CONSTRUCTING AI CITIES IN CHINA .
.............................................................................................................209
Chapter 15Emerging Next-Generation AI Techniques ............... 212
15.1 CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE ......................................................212
15.2 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE..................................................215
15.3 AESTHETICS INTELLIGENCE ..................................................216
15.4 THE INTELLIGENT CREATIVE CLUSTER...............................217
Chapter 16 Smart Cities, Smarter Solutions: AI for Urban ............
Transformation ............................................................ 220
16.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................220
16.2 AI APPLICATIONS IN KEY URBAN DOMAINS.......................221
16.3 AI-DRIVEN URBAN PLANNING ..............................................224
16.4 CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT AND SMART GOVERNANCE ........229
16.5 ETHICAL AND PRIVACY CONSIDERATIONS IN AI-DRIVEN......
SMART CITIES ....................................................................................232
16.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN AI-DRIVEN SMART CITIES ..........234
References ................................................................... 235
Index ............................................................................. 237